| Affix function | number of borrowed affixes |
|---|---|
Information and examples are from Xhuvani and Çabej (1962), Demiraj (1988: 122–123), Svane (1992: 290), Orel (1998), Boretzky (2004: 1647), and Johanna Nichols (personal communication 14.7.2011). Examples were compiled by Lisa Morgenroth, some additional translation by Suzana Dibrani.
5 gender or declension class differentiated suffixes that form masculine nouns and adjectives
‑ac [ats] ‘adjectivizer’ (Boretzky 2004: 1647; Demiraj 1988: 122), e.g. sqepac ‘beak‑shaped’ (from sqep ‘beak’), thumbac ‘metal tip of a goad’ (from thumb ‘thorn’), dorac ‘one‑handed’ (from dorë ‘hand’)
‑aç [atʃ] ‘nominal derivation’ (Boretzky 2004: 1647; Svane 1992: 290), e.g. biraç ‘wall niche next to the hearth’ (from birë ‘hole’), gjembaç ‘thistle, sharp spine’ (from gjemb ‘thorn’), kungullaç ‘unripe, immature’ (from kungull ‘marrow, pumpkin, bottle’)
‑ak [ak] ‘nominal derivation’ (Boretzky 2004: 1647), e.g. dorak ‘handle’ (from dorë ‘hand’), fytak ‘small wooden jug with a spout’ (from fyt ‘throat, gullet’), pishak ‘thick pine tree, stump’ (from pishë ‘pine’)
‑ash ‘adjectivizer’ (Demiraj 1988: 122), e.g. buzash ‘lips’ (from buzë ‘end, edge’), gjumash ‘sleepy’ (from gjumë ‘sleep’), jargash ‘slobbering, drooling’ (from jargë ‘split, phlegm’), kromash ‘scabious’ (from kromë ‘scabies, dogrose’)
‑avec ‘agent nominalizer’ (Demiraj 1988: 122), e.g. jargavec ‘slug, slobbering’ (from jargë ‘split, phlegm’), ligavec ‘slug, sniveling coward’ (from lig ‘evil, cowardly’), qullavec ‘person who is slow and clumsy’ (from qull ‘porridge, get soaked, soggy’)
3 gender or declension class differentiated suffixes that form masculine (‑ik) and feminine (‑itsə) nouns and adjectives
‑icë [itsə] ‘nominal derivation’ (Boretzky 2004: 1647; Svane 1992: 290; Demiraj 1988: 123), e.g. petkicë ‘small sized garment’ (from petk ‘clothes’), tulicë ‘tender meat’ (from tul ‘meat, flesh’), balticë ‘ground that gets muddy quickly’ (from baltë ‘swamp, dirt’)
‑içë ‘nominal derivation or adjectivizer’, e.g. hardhiçë ‘wall lizard’ (from hardhucë ‘lizard’), barkiç ‘potbellied’ (from bark ‘belly, abdomen’), guriçkë ‘small rock’ (from gur ‘stone, rock’)
‑ik [ik] ‘nominal derivation or adjectivizer’ (Boretzky 2004: 1647), e.g. balik ‘animal with white spotted face or body’ (from balë ‘badger’), baltik ‘muddy, marshy’ (from baltë ‘swamp, dirt’), çapik ‘impudent, saucy’ (from çap ‘to chew’)
2 gender or declension class differentiated affixes that form masculine (‑iʃtə) and feminine (‑inə) nouns, often having to do with locations
‑inë [inə] ‘location noun derivation’ (Boretzky 2004: 1647; Svane 1992: 290; Demiraj 1988: 123), e.g. baltinë ‘muddy ground’ (from baltë ‘swamp, dirt’), botinë ‘swampland’ (from botë ‘earth, world’), djerrinë ‘wilderness, fallow land’ (from djerr ‘to destroy’)
‑ishtë [iʃtə] ‘location noun derivation’ (Boretzky 2004: 1647; Svane 1992: 290; Demiraj 1988: 123), e.g. ahishtë ‘beech forest’ (from ah ‘beech‑tree’), arrishtë ‘walnut grove’ (from arrë ‘walnut tree’), baltishtë ‘ground that gets muddy quickly’ (from baltë ‘swamp, dirt’)
3 other nominal suffixes
‑nik ‘nominal derivation’ (Svane 1992: 290; Demiraj 1988: 123), e.g. danik ‘special purpose room’ (from daj ‘to divide’), drithnik ‘granary’ (from drithë ‘grain’), kohënik ‘contemporary’ (from kohë ‘time’)
‑kë ‘nominal derivation’ (Svane 1992: 290), e.g. vickë ‘perverseness’ (from vithe ‘crupper, ramp’), veshkë ‘kidney’ (from vesh ‘ear, vine’)
‑ar ‘nominal derivation’ (Xhuvani and Çabej 1962: 18), e.g. grunar ‘granary’ (from grunë ‘wheat’), lumare ‘riverbanks’ (from lumë ‘river’)
1 verbalizer
‑it (Demiraj 1988: 123), e.g. djersit ‘to sweat’ (from djersë ‘perspiration’), shoshit ‘to sift, screen, scan’ (from shosh ‘to sift’)