| Affix function | number of borrowed affixes |
|---|---|
Information and examples are from Schönig (2003). Note that many of the features concerned may be much older than Middle Mongolic.
3 case markers
*-lUx-A ‘comitative’, based on the Turkic suffix *-lVg for possessive adjectival nouns, as in Turkic *at-lïg ‘with a horse’. The same Turkic suffix appears with a derivative function as a later borrowing in Middle Mongol, e.g. Middle Mongol miqa-liq ‘corpulent’ (from miqa/n ‘flesh’).
*-cAA ‘terminative’, rarely used, may be a borrowing from the Turkic equative in *-cA (‘as’); a connection of the latter with the Mongolic primary ablative in *-cA is also possible but less likely.
*-ki ‘secondary nominative’, has a cognate in Turkic and is probably of Turkic origin
Other Mongolic case suffixes that have been compared with Turkic include the locative in *-A (cf. the Turkic dative in *-GA), the dative (dative-locative) in *-D-A (cf. the Turkic locative in *-DA), and the accusative in *-g (only in Mongol proper, Ordos, Oirat, and Kalmuck, cf. the Turkic accusative in *-G). All of these comparisons involve, however, considerable linguistic problems.
1 plural suffix
*-s ‘plural’ (> Common Turkic *-z)
1 nominal derivation suffix
*-cI ‘actor noun’
1 verbalizer prefix
*-lA- ‘denominal verbalization’, e.g. *ger.le- ‘to marry’ (from *ger ‘house’)