Tajik affixes in Moghol

Summary

Affix function number of borrowed affixes

Description

Information and examples are from Weiers (2003).

4 plural markers (one series, there is another native series)

  • -ån ‘plural’, e.g. cashm-ån ‘eyes’
  • -åt ~ -yåt (after vowels) ‘plural’, e.g. jar-åt ‘ghazals’, urul-åt ‘lips’, gazhi-yåt ‘signs’
  • -hå ‘plural’, e.g. qutuf-hå ‘slow steps’
  • -håt ‘plural’, e.g. cuqu-håt ‘realities’

The following implies that these are also used with native stems: “The second series is of Persian-Arabic origin and is mostly (but not only) used in connection with Persian-Arabic words, ［-håt］ is a combined Persian and Moghol plural suffix” (Weiers 2003:254).

2 comparative/superlative markers

  • -tar ‘comparative’
  • -iin ‘superlative’, used in addition to comparative, i.e. -tariin. There are no examples of hybrids, but the following implies that they are used with native stems: “Adjectives are distinguished by the category of degree (comparison), borrowed from Iranian and marked by the Persian suffixes -tar for the comparative and -tar-iin for the superlative” (Weiers 2003:252).

1 case marker (out of a total of 7 Moghol case markers)

  • -az ‘ablative case’. There are no examples of hybrids, but the following implies that they are used with native stems: “The Persian preposition az ‘from’ is sometimes used as an ablative suffix -az” (Weiers 2003:255).