Aymara affixes in Quechua de Puno
Summary
Description
Information and examples are drawn from Adelaar (1987; see also Adelaar 1996:1328).
1 polyfunctional derivational suffix that attaches to finite verbs, subordinate and nominalized verbs, adjectives, temporal expressions and other adverbial expressions
- -pacha (no meaning or examples given). This is probably the same “totality-marker” that Uru borrowed from Aymara (Hannß 2008:9), according to Adelaar (1987:225) it is extremely frequent.
8 verbal derivational suffixes that occur with certain frequency and are treated together by Adelaar (1987), implying that they form a derivational system. Note also that they are also semantically related, expressing movement and direction.
- -ra- ‘repeated action’, ‘singular repetition’, or ‘undoing an action’, e.g. wañurachin ‘he killed ［them］ one by one’, chayaranku ‘they arrive one by one’. According to Adelaar (1987:225), in some cases, the suffix -ra- forms part of complex Aymara loanwords, implying that in most, it is used with Quechua stems
- -naqa- ‘diffuse, action, without goal’, e.g. purinaqa- ‘go about, behave’ (from puri- ‘go, walk’)
- -tata- ‘extension or dispersion in various directions’, e.g. hump’itatachi ‘It makes sweat’
- -thapi- (opposite of -tata-) ‘concentration, reunion’, e.g. mikhuthapi- ‘eat by gathering what is around’ (from mikhu- ‘eat’)
- -qa- ‘downwards movement’ (part of a system of directionals in Aymara), e.g. ituqa- ‘take a pot from the stove’ (from itu- ‘carry (a pot) with both hands’)
- -t’a- ‘single, short action’, e.g. q’epiyt’aku- ‘carry briefly’ (from q’epi- ‘carry’)
- -kata- ‘crossing an empty space’, e.g. q’epikatarqon ‘he carried ［him across the lake］’
- -kipa- ‘change of direction’, e.g. q’epikiparqollantaq ‘he carried ［him running around the cacti］’
Adelaar (1987:230) notes that no native suffix has been displaced by borrowed affixes, i.e. these borrowed affixes seem to be gap-filling.