Turkish affixes in Judeo-Spanish

Summary

Affix function number of borrowed affixes

Description

Information and examples are from Varol-Bornes (2008). All prefixes are Spanish (except possibly m- as part of a phenomenon called mühmele, e.g. Kapará por ti Mapará por ti.)

4 nominal suffixes, nominalizers and noun-noun formation with overlaps

  • -oğlu ‘son of’ (noun-noun derivation only), e.g. mamzeroğlu ‘son of a bastard’ (stem originally from Hebrew)
  • -cik ~ -çik (-cuk ~ -çuk) ‘hypocoristic diminutive’ (noun-noun derivation and adjectivizer), no examples of hybrids given
  • -ané ~ -aná ‘house of, place for’ (noun-noun derivation and nominalizer) (originally Persian, no clear examples of hybrids given)
  • -lik ‘nominalizer for adjectives and others’ (only nominalizer), e.g. semanalik ‘money for one week’

2 privative-possessive adjectivizers

  • -li ~ -liya ~ -lü ~ -lüya ‘having x’, used on Turkish loans, but also Hebrew loans, and Greek loans, e.g. azlahari ‘making rich’ (stem from Hebrew)
  • -siz, -siza, -suz, -suza ‘privative’, often used in spontaneous creations, e.g. azlahasiz ‘unfavorable’ (stem from Hebrew)

A further, uncertain case is -tear ‘causative’, which has at least some influence of Spanish, but maybe some Turkish, too.